Air-conditioning method and device

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns a method and a device for variable flow heating for controlling ventilating fresh air room by room in a building. The invention is characterised in that said method provides sequential control of the air using a central management unit (48) programmed to be configured, either in a mode controlling the temperature levels in the main rooms (8) wherein it maintains the set temperature in said rooms and senses the possible complete closure of the (or all) the air outlets (5) supplying said main rooms, or at least if one of the main rooms is no longer supplied, in a mode controlling fresh air wherein it controls the opening of the air outlet(s) of each room not initially supplied during a time interval for making up for the lack of fresh air supply, and by closing the air outlets in all the other rooms during the same interval.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method and a device for air conditioningand/or heating of premises, comprising at least one service room(kitchen, bathroom, toilet, etc.), and at least two main rooms (livingroom, drawing room, bedroom, hall, office etc.). It also extends toheating and/or air conditioning of buildings comprising severalpremises, and in particular housing blocks, tertiary accommodationpremises (hotels, retirement homes), office blocks, etc.

This invention also relates specifically to a method and a device forair conditioning and/or heating, which, in addition to this heatingand/or air conditioning, makes it possible to control in all seasons thesupplies of renewed air required according to the regulations in force.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, the simplest conventional ventilation solution which isdesigned to permit statutory supply of renewed air into premises,consists of providing air intake apertures on the facade in the mainrooms, and extraction apertures in the service rooms. However, thissolution is inefficient, and in particular can lead to discomfort anddetrimental pollution and/or acoustic effects, in noisy and/or pollutedenvironments.

For these reasons, the only solution which is actually proposed atpresent consists of using double-flow systems (extraction in the servicerooms, and insufflation in the main rooms). However, this solution has ahigh cost price, owing to the need to increase the number of blowercolumns. In addition, according to this technique, it is difficult tomodulate the throughputs blown into the main rooms, in accordance withthe needs for supply of renewed air to the said rooms.

When the premises are equipped with a heating and/or air-conditioningdevice, management of control of the ventilation air to be supplied roomby room also constitutes a delicate problem, which has not been solvedhitherto. In fact, at present, it is physically impossible to distributethe throughput of renewed air equally room by room. In addition,stoppage of the heating and/or air-conditioning device by means forregulation, in particular in mid-season, or closure of one or moreblower apertures, lead to interruption of any renewal of air in all therooms or in the room(s) concerned. Thus, no heating and/orair-conditioning device at present which has a variable throughput iscapable of assuring control, room by room, both of heating air andrenewed air.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to eliminate this disadvantage,and its main objective is to provide a method and a device for heatingand/or air conditioning, which additionally makes it possible to assurecontrol of renewed ventilation air, room by room, in accordance with theregulations in force.

Another objective of the invention is to make it possible to modulatethe throughputs of renewed air in accordance with the throughputs of airextracted.

Another objective of the invention is to make it possible to increasethe renewal of renewed air in a room, when the latter is very crowded orsmoky, without a deficit in the supply of renewed air in the otherrooms.

Another objective of the invention is to make it possible to control thesupply of renewed air in accordance with the external ambient pollutionand the level of occupation of the premises.

For this purpose, the primary object of the invention is a method forheating and/or air conditioning of premises, comprising at least oneservice room, and at least two main rooms, consisting of:

using an external unit and at least one internal unit, the external unitcomprising means for regulation with variable power and an exchanger,and each internal unit comprising an air take-up unit, means forventilation with a variable power throughput and an exchanger, and beingdesigned to assure the heating and/or air conditioning of at least twomain rooms;

discharging a given volume of stagnant air from each service room;

conveying a given volume of renewed air to the air take-up units of eachinternal unit;

mixing the renewed air and the air taken up in each internal unit,upstream from the exchanger of the latter;

blowing the mixture of renewed air/heated and/or cooled air taken up,into each main room, through at least one blower aperture which issupplied by an internal unit, and each of which is associated with meansfor motorisation, which can make it possible to modify the position ofopening of the said apertures; and

regulating the temperature in each main room, by means of temperaturemeasurement means, with which the means for motorisation of the blowerapertures are associated, such as to obtain positioning of each of theseapertures which can make it possible to maintain each of the said mainrooms at a pre-determined set temperature.

According to the invention, this method is wherein a central controlunit is used, which is associated with the external and internal units,the means for motorization of each blower aperture, and the means formeasurement of the temperature, and is programmed to be configured:

either in a mode for control of the temperatures of the main rooms,during which:

it controls the external and internal units and the means formotorisation of the blower apertures, according to the informationreceived from the means for measurement of the temperature, such as tomaintain the set temperature in each main room;

it determines the position of the means for motorisation of each bloweraperture, such as to detect any total closure of the (or all of the)aperture(s) which supply/supplies a main room;

and, if all the apertures which supply at least one main room areclosed, it is configured in a mode for control of renewed air, duringwhich:

it measures the time of closure of the said aperture(s) closed;

after a time of closure of the said aperture(s), which is greater than apre-determined threshold, it calculates the deficit in the supply ofrenewed air in each room not supplied, and controls the means formotorisation of all the blower apertures, such as to open each bloweraperture initially closed, and to close the initially opened blowerapertures of the rooms, for a period of time which is designed to makeup for the deficit in the supply of renewed air in each room notinitially supplied; and

it is reconfigured in the temperature control mode in the main rooms,when the deficit in the supply of renewed air has been made up.

According to the invention, when a method of this type has beenperfected and set up, firstly it can be utilised with all methods ofheating and/or air conditions used at present, which comprise acentralised blower unit, with regulation room by room, i.e. inparticular:

the method described in patent FR-2 703 761 in the name of Mr RIBO; and

the conventional methods which use at least one internal unit and oneexternal unit, consisting either of:

a power unit with variable heating and cooling, which is associated witha blower throughput modulated in accordance with the needs of thepremises treated;

a centralised chilled water production unit (which is reversible or isassociated with independent heat production), which supplies a convectorfan in each apartment, or a system for processing air by areas;

an air processing system with a variable throughput;

a unit of the V.C.T. type (variable coolant throughput); or

a monoblock unit, for example of the air/air conditioning equipmenttype, installed in the roof.

According to the invention, the renewal of air is controlled by asequential function, which, when a (or the) aperture(s) which supply amain room close(s) under the effect of the means for measurement of thetemperature, and thus when the quantity of renewed air introduced intothe room in question becomes too low, makes it possible to compensate ina very short time for the deficit of renewed air in this room, accordingto the following process:

1) If all the main apertures are open (general demand for heating orcooling). The renewed air is distributed equally in each main room, inaccordance with the nominal throughput of the main apertures.

2) If one or more apertures are closed: the central control unitanalyses the time during which each aperture has remained closed, andafter a period of time which is determined by the said unit, commandsclosure of the apertures previously open, and opening of each aperturepreviously closed, such as to introduce into the rooms concerned athroughput of renewed air which is equivalent to the supply of renewedair during closure of the apertures.

Sequential functioning of this type makes it possible to assure controlof renewal of air room by room, constantly and irrespective of theseason, in conformity with the legislation in force, i.e. it makes itpossible to introduce the renewed air into the premises in all the mainrooms, according to the need of each of the said rooms.

(It should be noted that in the present application, the term “bloweraperture” denotes either conventional apertures with motorisation at therear of the said apertures, or motorised shutters which are disposedupstream from a blower grate fitted onto a casing. In addition, the term“discharge of stagnant air” denotes either systems which consist ofinjecting the renewed air into the main rooms, such as to lead topressurisation of the latter, which causes discharge of the stagnant airthrough any suitable aperture, or, more conventionally, mechanical ormanual extraction systems. For the sake of simplification, the term“discharge” will also be replaced by the term “extraction” in most ofthe text of this application).

According to a preferred embodiment, in its renewed air controlconfiguration, the general control unit is programmed to control theexternal unit and/or the internal units, such that the temperature ofthe mixed air blown is close to the set temperature of each roominitially closed. This therefore prevents disruption of the ambienttemperature of the room(s) concerned.

According to another characteristic of the invention:

use is made of blower apertures provided with a main blower pipe,comprising a closing shutter controlled by means for motorisation, andan additional pipe with a reduced cross-section; and

in the configuration for controlling the temperature of the main rooms,of the main control unit, and on the assumption that all the blowerapertures are closed, air is distributed equally in all the main rooms,by means of the additional pipes of the blower apertures.

On the assumption that all the main apertures are closed (settemperature reached in all the rooms), the renewed air is thusdistributed equally, owing to the additional pipe of the main apertures,the dimensions of which are also such as to maintain the range of thejet, so as to avoid any discomfort, and to maintain the sweeping of theroom.

In addition, and advantageously, when all the blower apertures areclosed, the main control unit controls the means for ventilation of eachinternal unit, such that the latter provide a minimal throughput ofmixture of renewed/air taken up, by means of the additional pipe of theblower apertures.

In addition, when all the main apertures are closed, the central controlunit is also advantageously programmed such that the temperature of themixed air blown is close to the set temperature of the main rooms.

According to another characteristic of the invention, each additionalpipe of each blower aperture is equipped with an automaticallyadjustable modulator, which can supply the same throughput of mixed airfor a given range of pressures, and thus prevent any risk of discomfort.

In addition, each blower aperture is advantageously equipped with atemperature sensor, which acts as a means for measuring the temperature,is pre-assembled to the said blower aperture, and is disposed such as tobe swept by the ambient air of the room. The addition to each bloweraperture of a temperature sensor makes it unnecessary to have to installa thermostat in each main room, and therefore reduces the cost ofequipment and labour.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the stagnant airis extracted from the service rooms by means of extraction apertureswhich are connected to pipes in which low pressure is created by a fan.

In addition, at least one of these extraction apertures, and inparticular the one which is located in the kitchen, is equipped with amanually-controlled throughput modulator, which in particular makes itpossible to modulate the throughput extracted, according to theoccupation and/or use of the room concerned.

In addition, advantageously, in each slot of the blower apertures, thereis integrated a flap which is articulated around a transverse axis, andcan oscillate freely from a position of total or partial closure of thesaid slot, towards a position of total opening of the said slot,according to the air pressure upstream from the latter.

The function of a flap of this type is to limit the throughput ofleakage supplied by the slots when the apertures are closed, since, whenat least one blower aperture is open in the premises, the air pressureupstream from the closed apertures which are equipped with the said flapis then insufficient to open the latter.

Consequently, if one or more apertures are closed, and one or moreapertures are open, the slot of the closed apertures does not allow topass through a throughput of leakage which can modify the ambienttemperature in the rooms of which the apertures are closed.

The renewed air is advantageously introduced into the premises by meansof a pipe which is provided with a fan, and this renewed air is suppliedto each internal unit by means of pipes, each of which comprises aninsufflation aperture with a throughput which can be modulated, thusmaking it possible to adapt the throughput of renewed air according tothe throughput of air extracted.

In addition, in order to adapt the throughput of renewed air of theinsufflation apertures to the throughput of air extracted, the centralcontrol unit is advantageously connected to each extraction aperturewith a throughput which can be modulated, and to each of the saidapertures for insufflation of renewed air.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the intake of thepipe for supplying renewed air is equipped with a filtering system,according to the ambient external pollution. The renewed air is thusfiltered before being introduced into the premises.

In addition, according to a preferred embodiment:

there is provided in the premises at least one sensor to measure thequality of the air in the said premises, such as in particular ahumidity sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, etc.;

the device is equipped with an external sensor to measure valuescorresponding to those of an internal sensor, i.e. in particular ahumidity sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, etc.;

the general control system is connected to each measuring sensor and tothe external sensor, and the latter is programmed such as to optimisethe throughput of renewed air which is actually necessary for thepremises.

In the method according to the invention, it is therefore possible toregulate the throughputs of extraction, and insufflation of renewed air,according to the information transmitted by the external and internalsensor(s). The renewal of air is therefore optimised according to theactual needs in the dwelling. In fact, measurement of the comparativequality of the external air and the internal air makes it possible inparticular to determine the level of occupation of the area, andtherefore the throughput of renewed air necessary.

Thus, by way of example, if humidity sensors are used, the methodconsists of:

measuring the external humidity;

calculating the internal humidity corresponding to the set temperaturein the main rooms, on the assumption that there is a lack of productionof vapour in the said main rooms, and therefore there are no occupantspresent;

measuring the actual humidity in the main rooms; and

according to these various measurements and calculations, modulating thethroughput of renewed air, according to the divergence obtained, whichis representative of the level of occupation of the premises.

According to the invention, two advantageous solutions can be envisagedfor optimisation of the throughput of renewed air.

According to a first solution, the premises are equipped with a singlemeasuring sensor, the central control unit being programmed, accordingto the information supplied by the said sensor, to regulate thethroughput extracted and the throughput of renewed air insufflated.

The central sensor then measures the average quality of the air in thepremises, and, according to the information provided by this sensor, thecentral control unit then adapts the throughput of air extracted(extraction apertures with a throughput which can be modulated) and thethroughput of renewed air (renewed air insufflation apertures).

According to another solution:

each blower aperture is equipped with a measuring sensor; and

the central control unit is programmed such as to optimise thethroughput of air extracted and the throughput of air insufflated ateach internal unit, according to:

the position of the closing shutter of the blower aperture(s) of eachroom; and

the information supplied by each sensor, which is representative of thelevel of pollution (or occupation) determined by each sensor which“measures” the level of pollution of the room concerned, and thereforeits need for renewed air.

According to this solution, the central control unit then optimises thethroughputs of renewed and extracted air according to the condition ofopening of each blower aperture, and the information supplied by eachsensor which “measures” the level of pollution of the room concerned,and therefore its need for renewed air.

In addition, for one or the other of the above solutions, the centralcontrol unit can advantageously be programmed to limit the throughput ofrenewed air to a minimal value, if the external pollution becomes higherthan the internal pollution, such as to restrict these throughputs ofrenewed air to pre-defined limit values.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the centralcontrol unit is designed to be able to be positioned in a control modewhich is known as “smoky”, or “high level of occupation of one of themain rooms, known as the “living room””, during which:

it is initially configured in a sequence known as “living room”;

at the beginning of which it commands opening of the blower aperture(s)of the living room, and closure of the blower apertures of all the othermain rooms;

it calculates a given maximal mixing throughput in the living room, andcontrols the internal unit of the said living room such as to obtainthis level of mixing;

it adapts the thermal power supplied by the internal unit, such as toobtain the set temperature in the living room;

after a pre-determined period of time, it is configured in a sequenceknown as “bedrooms”, in which;

it commands closure of the blower aperture(s) of the living room, andopening of the blower apertures of the other main rooms known asbedrooms;

it calculates the deficit of renewed air in the bedrooms during theliving room sequence, and commands maintenance of this “bedroom”sequence for a period of time which is designed to make up for the saiddeficit of renewed air; and

it is repositioned in its “living room” configuration, after this periodof time has elapsed.

(It will be appreciated that a main room known as a “living room” meanseither the actual living room, or any of the other main rooms (office,bedroom etc), at the choice of the occupants).

This characteristic makes it possible to minimise the transfer ofpollution from a room which is highly occupied and/or smoky, such as theliving room, to the other main rooms, without leading to a deficit inthe supply of renewed air in the said other main rooms.

In addition, during this “smoky”, or “high level of occupation of theliving room” control mode, as well as in normal sequential functioning,the main control system is programmed to position each extractionaperture and each insufflation aperture in the maximal throughput mode.

This arrangement is aimed firstly at optimising the sequences of deficitof supply of renewed air, and secondly at assuring substantialventilation of the room which is highly occupied or smoky.

In addition, and advantageously, during the “smoky”, or “high level ofoccupation of the living room” control mode, the “bedrooms” sequence istriggered, either after the pre-determined period of time, or if thedivergence between the actual temperature in one of the bedrooms and theset temperature of the said bedroom becomes greater than a given value.This arrangement makes it possible to avoid excessive cooling ofbedrooms which may be occupied.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the centralcontrol unit is programmed to analyse the development of thetemperatures in each main room, relative to the respective settemperatures, in order to command closure of the blower aperture(s) ofone of the main rooms, in the event of abnormal variation of temperaturein the said room, and in order to emit an alarm-signal which isrepresentative of this closure.

In fact, this function makes it possible to detect two abnormalphenomena, i.e.:

maintenance of a window in the open position during the period ofheating or air conditioning; and

dysfunctioning of a motorised blower aperture.

This therefore prevents losses of energy, in particular if a window isopen, and, moreover, the user is warned of the dysfunctioning, and caneliminate it.

According to another characteristic of the invention, in theair-conditioning mode, the central control unit is programmed to commandextraction and insufflation of the maximal throughput of stagnant andrenewed air, when the external temperature becomes lower than the settemperatures.

In addition, use is advantageously made of a heat exchanger for renewedair/extracted air, which is designed to assure pre-heating orpre-cooling of the renewed air.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the centralcontrol unit comprises manual controls, which can allow the user topre-define a plurality of functioning characteristics such as:

definition of at least two types of set temperatures for each main room,such as comfort temperature or reduced temperature; and

definition daily or weekly, and in hourly steps, of the set temperaturefor each main room, such as anti-frost temperature, comfort temperature,reduced temperature etc.

The above method can be used for heating and/or air conditioning ofisolated premises, such as an individual house. It is howeveradvantageously designed for the heating and/or air conditioning ofseveral premises such as housing blocks, Offices, lodging rooms, etc.

In this case, in addition, each of the premises can be equipped with anexternal unit, or a centralised external unit can be used for all thepremises. In addition, the term “premises” in this case means either aConventional dwelling, or a series of offices in a block, or a group ofhotel rooms, or the complete hotel itself.

The invention extends to a device for heating and/or air conditioning ofpremises comprising at least one service room and at least two mainrooms, comprising:

an external unit and at least one internal unit, the external unitcomprising means for regulation with variable power and an exchanger,and each internal unit comprising an air take-up unit, means forventilation which have variable throughput and power and an exchanger,and are designed to assure heating and/or air conditioning of at leasttwo main rooms;

means for discharge of stagnant air;

means for introduction of renewed air at the take-up units of eachinternal unit;

means for mixture of renewed air/air taken up in each internal unit,upstream from the exchanger of the latter;

means for blowing the mixture of renewed air/air taken up present ineach main room, in one or more blower apertures which are supplied by atleast one internal unit, and each of which is associated with means formotorisation which can modify the position of opening of the saidapertures; and

means for measuring the temperature in each main room, with which thereare associated the means for motorisation of the blower aperture(s) ofthe said main room, and which are designed to make it possible to obtaina set temperature in the said room.

According to the invention, this device for heating and/or airconditioning comprises a central control unit which is connected to theexternal unit, to each internal unit, and to the means for motorisationof the blower apertures, the said central control unit being programmedto:

either be configured in a mode for controlling the temperatures of themain rooms, during which:

it controls the external and internal unit(s) and the means formotorisation of the blower apertures, according to the informationreceived from means for measuring the temperature, such as to maintainthe set temperature in each main room; and

it detects the position of the means for motorisation of each bloweraperture, such as to detect any total closure of the (or all the)blower(s) which supply a main room;

and, on the assumption that all the apertures which supply at least onemain room are closed, it is configured in a mode for control of renewedair, during which:

it measures the time of closure of the said closed aperture(s);

beyond a time of closure of the said aperture(s) which is greater than apre-determined threshold, it calculates the deficit in the supply ofrenewed air in each room which is not supplied, and controls the meansfor motorisation of all the blower apertures, such as to open eachblower aperture initially closed, and to close the blower aperturesinitially opened of the other rooms, for a period of time which isdesigned to make up the deficit in renewed air supplied in each room notinitially supplied; and

it is reconfigured in a temperature control mode in the main rooms, whenthe deficit in the supply of renewed air has been made up.

In addition, the central control unit is advantageously programmed inits renewed air control configuration, in order to control the externaland/or the internal unit(s) such that the temperature of the mixed airblown approaches the set temperature of each room initially closed.

According to another characteristic of the invention:

each blower aperture comprises a main blower pipe, containing a closingshutter which is controlled by means for motorisation, and an associatedpipe with a reduced cross-section;

in its configuration for controlling the temperature, and on theassumption that all the blower apertures are closed, the central controlunit is programmed to assure equal distribution of the air in all therooms, by means of the additional pipes of the blower apertures.

In addition, the means for motorisation of the blower apertures arepreferably designed to position the closing shutters in two positions,corresponding either to total closure, or to total or partial opening ofthe main pipes of the said apertures.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the additionalpipe of each blower aperture is equipped with an automaticallyadjustable modulator, which can make it possible to supply the samethroughput of air for a given range of pressures.

In addition, in its slot, each blower aperture preferably has a shutterwhich is articulated around a transverse axis, and can oscillate freelyfrom a position of total or partial closure of the said slot, towards aposition of total opening of the said slot, according to the airpressure upstream from the latter.

In addition, each blower aperture is advantageously equipped with atemperature sensor, which is pre-assembled to the said aperture, acts asa means for measuring the temperature, and is disposed such as to beswept by the ambient air of the room, when the said blower aperture hasbeen installed (phenomenon of induction).

For each service room, the air extraction means advantageously comprisean extraction aperture which is connected to a main pipe, in which lowpressure is created by means of a fan, at least one of the saidextraction apertures preferably being provided with a device formanually-controlled modulation of throughput.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the means forintroduction of renewed air comprise a pipe which is provided with a fandesigned to supply this renewed air in each internal unit, at the levelof an insufflation aperture with a throughput which can be modulated,such as to make it possible to adapt the throughput of renewed air tothe throughput of air extracted.

The central control unit is then preferably connected to each extractionaperture with a throughput which can be modulated and to each aperturefor insufflation of renewed air, and is then programmed to adjust thethroughput of the said insufflation apertures, such as to adapt thethroughput of renewed air according to the throughput of air extracted.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the devicecomprises a filtering system which is integrated in the pipe for supplyof renewed air, according to the ambient external pollution.

In addition, this device advantageously comprises:

at least one sensor to measure the quality of the air in the premises,such as in particular a humidity sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, etc.;

an external pollution sensor to measure values corresponding to those ofan internal sensor, i.e. a humidity sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor,etc.;

the general central control unit being connected to the various externaland internal sensors, and being programmed to optimise the throughput ofrenewed air which is actually necessary.

In this case, and according to a first advantageous solution, thisdevice comprises a single internal measuring sensor, the central controlunit being programmed to regulate the throughput of air extracted andthe throughput of renewed air, according to the information supplied bythe said sensor.

Again in this case, and according to a second advantageous solution:

each blower aperture is equipped with a measuring sensor;

the central control unit is programmed such as to optimise thethroughput of air extracted and the throughput of renewed air at eachinternal unit, according to:

the position of the closing shutter of the blower aperture(s) of eachroom; and

the information supplied by each sensor in the room concerned, which isrepresentative of its need for renewed air.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the centralcontrol unit is designed such that it can be positioned in a controlmode which is known as “smoky”, or “high level of occupation of one ofthe main rooms”, known as the “living room”, during which:

it is initially configured in a sequence known as “living room” at thebeginning of which it commands opening of the blower aperture(s) of theliving room, and closure of the blower apertures of all the other mainrooms;

it calculates a given maximal mixing throughput in the living room, andcontrols the internal unit of the said living room such as to obtainthis level of mixing;

it adapts the thermal power supplied by the internal unit, such as toobtain the set temperature in the living room;

after a pre-determined period of time, it is configured in a sequenceknown as “bedrooms”, in which:

it commands closure of the blower aperture(s) of the living room, andopening of the blower apertures of the other main rooms known asbedrooms;

it calculates the deficit of renewed air in the bedrooms during theliving room sequence, and commands maintenance of this “bedroom”sequence for a period of time which is designed to make up for the saidcalculated deficit of renewed air; and

it is repositioned in its “living room” configuration, after this periodof time has elapsed.

In addition, according to another characteristic of the invention, thecentral control unit is programmed to analyse the development of thetemperatures in each main room, relative to the respective settemperatures, in order to command closure of the blower aperture(s) ofone of the main rooms, in the event of abnormal variation of temperaturein the said room, and in order to emit an alarm signal which isrepresentative of this closure.

As previously stated, a heating and/or air conditioning device of thistype can be used for individual premises, such as a house. It is howeveralso designed for the heating and/or air conditioning of severalpremises such as housing blocks, offices, lodging rooms, etc, comprisingeither an external unit for each of the premises, or a centralisedexternal unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the invention willbecome apparent from the following detailed description, provided withreference to the attached drawings which show by way of non-limitingexample two preferred embodiments of the invention, as well as twovariants of blower apertures, and two variants of extraction apertures.In these drawings:

FIG. 1 is a partial vertical cross-section of a housing block,representing a dwelling on the top floor of the said block, equippedwith a device for heating and/or air conditioning comprising oneexternal unit per dwelling,

FIG. 2 is a cross-section similar to that in FIG. 1, according to whicheach dwelling is equipped with devices for heating and/or ventilationcomprising a centralised external unit;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a dwelling with a terrace, equipped with adevice according to the invention, comprising an individual externalunit;

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-section through an axial vertical longitudinalplane of a first variant of a blower aperture according to theinvention;

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-section through an axial vertical longitudinalplane of a second variant of a blower aperture according to theinvention;

FIGS. 6a and 6 b are respectively a schematic cross-section through alongitudinal axial plane, and a front view of a first variant of anextraction aperture according to the invention,:

FIGS. 7a and 7 b are respectively a schematic cross-section through alongitudinal axial plane, and a front view of a second variant of anextraction aperture according to the invention; and

FIGS. 8a to 8 k represent the algorithms of functioning of aninstallation according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The heating and/or air-conditioning installations represented in FIGS. 1to 3 are derived from that described in patent FR-2 703 761, in thatthey each comprise an internal unit 1, disposed in a recovery plenumchamber 2 with a trap door, delimited by a false ceiling 3, and providedwith a recovery grate 4 which is disposed in the said false ceiling, andblower grates such as 5, 6, 7 (shown in FIG. 3), for distribution of airinto each of the main rooms, such as the bedrooms 8, 9 and the livingroom 10 (FIG. 3).

However, according to the invention, this installation differs from thatdescribed in the RIBO patent, firstly in that the individual (50FIG. 1)and centralised (51FIG. 2) internal and external units are productionunits with variable power.

In addition, all the blower apertures such as 5, 6, 7 are motorisedapertures such as described hereinafter, which are designed to make itpossible to vary the blower throughput in the rooms, from a maximalthroughput (which is regulated during installation), to a greatlyreduced leakage throughput (of approximately 15 to 20 m³/h).

Finally, and in particular, these installations differ from thatdescribed in the RIBO patent, in that they are designed to assurecontrol of the renewal of renewed air in each main room 8, 9, 10 of thedwellings.

Firstly, these installations comprise a stagnant air extractionassembly, consisting of extraction apertures such as 11 a, 11 b, 11 c,which are located in the service rooms (kitchen, bathroom, toiletsetc.), and are connected to a fan 12 by a network of upright pipes suchas 13, and horizontal pipes such as 14 located on the terrace.

These extraction apertures 11 a, 11 b, 11 c make it possible todischarge the statutory throughputs imposed, and generally have athroughput which can be modulated for the kitchen 15 (see FIGS. 6a to 7b), and is fixed or can be modulated for the other service rooms.

For this purpose, the extraction aperture 11 a with a throughput whichcan be modulated is conventionally associated with a switch 16, whichmakes it possible to select either a regular throughput or a peakthroughput, according to the occupation and use of the kitchen 15.

This installation also comprises an assembly for introduction of renewedair, comprising firstly an integrated fan 17, such as the extraction fan12, in a double-flow exchanger 18 which is located on the terrace, andmakes it possible to pre-heat or pre-cool the renewed air.

This assembly for introduction of renewed air also comprises adescending column 19 for insufflation of renewed air, which is connectedto the fan 17, and at the level of each dwelling has a horizontal branch20 which opens into the plenum chamber 2, upstream from the internalunit 1, and on which there is fitted an insufflation aperture 21 with anair throughput which can be modulated.

It should be noted that as a variant, each dwelling can be equipped witha mini-fan, which is fitted onto a pipe, which opens respectively ontothe facade and into the plenum chamber 2.

As previously stated, each blower aperture 5, 6, 7 is motorised, andcomprises a main pipe 22, inside which there is disposed a motorisedregulation shutter 23, which is fitted such as to rotate around an axialtransverse axis 24, and can be displaced under the effect of means formotorisation (not shown), i.e.:

into a position of total closure of the main pipe 22, in which it abutsan annular peripheral seal 25, in order to close the said pipe in asealed manner; and

into a position of maximal opening of the main pipe 22, in which itextends in the horizontal plane of symmetry of the pipe 22.

Each of these blower apertures 5, 6, 7 also has in a conventional mannera double-deflection blower grate 26, and a counter-frame 27, which makesit possible to secure it in an aperture provided in a partition 28.

The first particular feature of these blower apertures 5, 6, 7 consistsin the fact that, in parallel with the main pipe 22, they have anadditional, leakage throughput pipe 29, constituting a slot whichaccommodates a module 30 for regulation of the said leakage throughput.

Inside this slot 29, and in order to regulate initially the leakagethroughput, there is disposed a plate 31 in the shape of an obtusedihedron, one of the surfaces 31 a of which is secured to the peripheralframe of the blower aperture 5, and the other surface 31 b of which isinclined towards the interior of the said slot. By means of this plate31, pre-regulation of the leakage throughput can be carried out by meansof a screw 32, which is supported on the surface 31 b of the plate 31,and makes it possible to adjust the inclination of the latter, andtherefore the cross-section of the slot 29.

The second particular feature of these apertures 5 consists in the factthat each slot 29 contains a shutter 52, which is articulated around atransverse axis, and can oscillate freely from a position of total orpartial closure of the said slot 29, towards a position of total openingof the said slot, according to the air pressure upstream from thelatter.

The third particular feature of these blower apertures 5, 6, 7 consistsin the fact that they incorporate a temperature sensor, and optionally ahygrometry sensor, which makes it possible in particular to avoidinstallation of a thermostat in each room.

According to the first variant shown in FIG. 4, this sensor 33 isarranged such that it is disposed at the level of the end of an annularcollar 34, bordering the end of the frame of the blower aperture 5,between the said collar and the outer surface of the partition 28.

As shown in FIG. 4, when thus positioned, this sensor 33 is swept by theambient air entrained by the jet of air which is discharged from theblower aperture 5.

According to the second variant, shown in FIG. 5, the blower aperture 5incorporates a Venturi system 36 (shown schematically), which isdisposed at the outlet of the said aperture, in the common extension ofthe main pipe 22 and the additional pipe 29, and a pipe 37 in the shapeof a right-angled bend, the vertical branch of which opens at the levelof the neck of the Venturi system 36, and the horizontal branch of whichextends in the direction of the interior of the room with which itcommunicates.

The temperature sensor 38 is disposed inside the horizontal branch ofthe pipe 37, such that the low pressure at the level of the neck of theVenturi system 36 sucks up the ambient air from the room which is sweptby this sensor 38.

Finally, each of these sensors 33, 38 is connected to an electric wire35, for connection to a central control unit described hereinafter,which is designed to carry out correction of the measurement of thetemperature measured by the said sensors, such as to take into accountthe height above ground of the latter.

In addition, these blower apertures 5, 6, 7 have dimensions such that,in the totally open position of the main pipe 22, and for an air outputspeed of 2 to 2.5 m/s, this main pipe 22 has a loss of load of 3 to 6Pascals, whereas the slot 29 has a loss of load which is far greater.

By way of example, for an aperture with a cross-section of 300 mm×100mm, which is suitable for a bedroom of 11 m²:

the main pipe 22 has a cross-section with dimensions suitable forobtaining a throughput of 130 m³/h with 5-6 Pa;

the slot 29 has dimensions suitable for obtaining a throughput of 40m³/h with 20 Pa, with a cross-section with dimensions such that thespeed is 2 to 2.5 m/s at the outlet. With 5 Pa, this slot 29 will allowa throughput of approximately 20 m³/h to pass.

According to this principle, when no main room needs to be heated orcooled, the motorised shutters 23 are in the closed position. Thecentral control unit described hereinafter reduces the speed of rotationof the fan of the internal unit 1, and therefore sets the throughputmixed by the latter to the following value, according to the type ofdwelling:

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Q mixed in m³/h 80 120 160 200 240

The automatically adjustable slots 29 thus assure that the plenum ispressurised (20 Pa). Thus, the throughput insufflated in each room iscontrolled (balancing of the ventilation network), and good distributionof the renewed air is assured. In addition, the speed of 2 to 2.5 m/s atthe outlet of the slot 29 assures a correct range of the jet, and thustotal sweeping of the room by the renewed air.

In addition, by way of example, in the living room 10, the bloweraperture 7 has a slot 29, which has dimensions such as to obtain athroughput of 80 m³/h with 20 Pa (modulus 80). In the other rooms(bedrooms, office), the slot 29 of the blower aperture 5, 6 hasdimensions such as to obtain a throughput of 40 m³/h with 20 Pa (modulus40).

As previously stated, the extraction apertures 11 a provided in thekitchens 15 have a throughput which can be modulated. As shown in FIGS.6a, 6 b, 7 a and 7 b, these extraction apertures each comprise two,superimposed longitudinal pipes 39, 40, the upper one 39 of whichconsists of a regular throughput pipe, and the other, lower one 40 ofwhich consists of a peak throughput pipe.

In addition, two variants of extraction apertures are shown respectivelyin FIGS. 6a-6 b and 7 a-7 b.

According to FIGS. 6a, 6 b, the extraction aperture 11 a shown isdesigned to obtain two extraction throughputs, i.e. a fixed, regularthroughput, and a peak throughput which can be modulated.

For this purpose, the regular pipe 39 accommodates a module 41, forregulation of the regular throughput. On the other hand, the peak pipe40 incorporates a motorised shutter 42, which is controlled by theswitch 16, and consists in a known manner of a curved flexible blade 43,which is connected to the rotary shaft of a motor 44, which can permitinflection of the curvature of this blade, and thus provide thecross-section of passage of the peak pipe 40, between two stop positionscorresponding to:

minimal inflection of the blade 43, in which the latter closes the peakpipe 40; and

maximal inflection of the blade, defined by a stop such as a, b, c,according to the type of apartment concerned.

By way of example, hereinafter there is provided a table of throughputsof extraction of an aperture of this type, and the regulation stopposition for various types of dwellings:

T5 and DWELLING T1 T2 T3 T4 over KITCHEN EXTRACTION Regular throughput20 30 45 45 45 Motorised shutter throughput 55 60 60 75 90 (less than 80Pa) Regulation position a a a b c

According to FIGS. 7a and 7 b, the extraction aperture 11 a shown isadditionally designed to permit modulation of the regular throughput,according to the pollution in the dwelling.

For this purpose, the peak pipe 40 contains a motorised shutter 42similar to that previously described.

The regular pipe 39 in turn contains a motorised shutter 45 which issimilar to the shutter 42, and is actuated by means of a step-by-stepmotor 46, the said motorised shutter 45 being designed to be controlledby a sensor or detector according to the occupation (humidity, carbondioxide etc.), and is associated with a stop 47 which determines theminimal throughput (of approximately 15 m³ with 100 Pa)

In addition, according to this variant, two types of functioning of theshutter 45 of the regular pipe 39 can be envisaged, i.e.:

either positioning of the shutter 45 which can be modulated according tothe pollution of the premises; or

all-or-nothing functioning, with times of closure and opening controlledby a sensor to measure the pollution in the premises.

It should also be noted that the extraction aperture systems aspreviously described can also be used to create the insufflationapertures 21.

The installation according to the invention additionally comprises acentral unit 48, already referred to, for control of the functioning ofthis installation as a whole. For this purpose, this central controlunit 48 comprises a plurality of intakes, and, on the basis of thevarious parameters supplied to these intakes, makes it possible toregulate the various outlets with which it is provided.

According to the invention, the various intakes are connectedrespectively to:

the temperature sensors 33, 38 of the various blower apertures 5, 6, 7;

optionally a pollution sensor, if it is wished to optimise throughputsof renewed air;

sensors to measure the temperature of the air blown at the outlet ofeach internal unit 1;

an external temperature sensor;

a thermostat 49, to measure the temperature of the air taken up; and

sensors to measure the speed of the air blown at the outlet of theexternal units 1, which are designed to verify the throughput of airobtained.

In addition, an intake makes it possible to choose either a ventilationmode selected by the user, or an automatic functioning mode.

At the level of the outlets, this central control unit 48 is connectedto:

the means for motorisation of the motorised shutters 23 of each bloweraperture 5, 6, 7;

the insufflation apertures 21 of the internal units 1;

the switch 16 to control the extraction aperture 11 a of the kitchen 15;

the fans of the internal units 1;

the means (not shown) for regulation of the power of the internal units1; and

convectors, not shown, which are disposed in the technical rooms.

A central control unit of this type is programmed to provide thefollowing functions:

1) Daily or weekly programming, room by room

For this purpose, the user can define at least two set temperatures foreach room, i.e.:

comfort temperature;

reduced temperature.

He can then define, in hourly steps and for each room, the settingrequired daily or weekly:

anti-frost;

comfort;

reduced.

2) Thermal regulation room by room

According to the divergence between the required set temperature at aninstant t, and the measurement obtained by the sensor 33, 38 disposed ineach blower aperture 5, 6, 7 of each main room 8, 9, 10, to regulate andcontrol:

the position of each motorised shutter 23 (open/closed);

to determine and control the speed of rotation of the fan of theinternal unit 1, such as to establish the mixed throughput, either:

according to the data transmitted by a speed or pressure sensor; or

according to the position of each motorised shutter 23 (open/closed);

to regulate the power (hot or cold):

of the unit with variable power (for example the 3-way valve in the caseof centralised production);

of the electric back-up batteries (proportional regulation by Triac).

The temperature of the air blown can also be regulated either:

according to the needs measured in the main rooms (divergence anddevelopment of the temperatures measured and of the set temperatures);

according to the external temperature (display of a gradient).

3) Control of renewal with renewed air (insufflation and extraction)

For this purpose, the central control unit 48 assures:

control of the extraction aperture 11 a in the kitchen 15 (with twothroughputs, i.e. fixed or modulated);

control of insufflation of renewed air in the main rooms 8, 9, 10continuously and virtually constantly (in a global period of one hour),irrespective of the functioning mode (heating, air conditioning ormid-season), by means of sequential functioning:

in the living room, minimum insufflation of approximately 35 m³ ofrenewed air per hour;

in the bedrooms/other rooms, approximately 20 m³ of renewed air perhour.

In addition, when this central control unit 48 carries out a sequencewhich is designed to make up for the deficit of renewed air in somerooms, it adapts the power to be supplied in order to obtain a blowingtemperature which is close to the set temperature of the rooms. Thus,discomfort is avoided, and the ambient temperature of the said room(s)is not disrupted.

This central control unit 48 also allows the user to trigger ventilationwith a peak throughput (when cooking is taking place, etc.), for a timedduration, by means of the switch 16 located in the kitchen 15.

4) Control and optimisation of the throughputs of renewed air:

When the installation is equipped with one or a plurality of sensors(inside and outside the dwelling) for measuring the pollution of the air(measurement of levels of CO₂, H₂O etc.), in accordance with thisinformation the central control unit 48 can then regulate the extractionand insufflation of renewed air. Thus, it adapts the renewal of airaccording to the needs measured in the dwelling. In addition, bymeasuring the external pollution, the unit 48 can temporarily reduce thesupply of renewed air, if there is a pollution peak.

5) Control of renewal of air in the event of considerable smokiness orheavy occupation of the living room:

The central control unit 48 proposes to the user a “Smoky—Heavyoccupation” cycle (described in greater detail hereinafter), which makesit possible to minimise the transfer of pollution from the living room10 towards the bedrooms 8, 9, and to assure a substantial throughput ofrenewed air insufflated in the living room 10.

6) Confinement position:

In a housing block, in structural locations where there is a risk (closeto a chemical factory, etc.), in the event of an alert, the centralcontrol unit 48 stops extraction and insufflation of renewed air.

7) Regulation and programming of the convectors installed in the servicerooms.

8) When there is detection of an external temperature which is lowerthan the internal temperature, the regulation module triggers the peakthroughput (extraction, insufflation), in order to cool the dwelling.

9) Control of the development of the temperatures in each room:

This function “Control and automatic thermal control of the rooms orpremises” should make it possible to detect and avert two phenomena,i.e.:

opening of a window during the period of heating or air conditioning(loss of energy, and unnecessary electrical consumption);

dysfunctioning of a motorised blower aperture.

This function consists of analysing the development of the temperaturesin each room, in relation to the respective set temperatures. If thecentral control unit 48 detects an abnormal variation of temperature ina room (opening of a window for example), and the temperature is stablein the other rooms, it forces closure of the shutter 23 of thecorresponding blower aperture 5, 6, 7, such as to avoid losses of energythrough the window. In addition, a notice appears on the display of thecentral control unit 48 (“Alarm” function).

In addition, in this hypothesis, and at a regular time interval (10 to20 minutes), the central control unit 48 attempts once more to reach therequired set temperature. It then checks whether the temperatureincrease makes it possible to achieve this set temperature or not. Ifnot, it triggers the “Alarm” cycle once more.

The algorithm of functioning of an installation of this type is shown inFIGS. 8a to 8 k.

An example of installation according to the invention is describedhereinafter with reference to a dwelling of type 3, such as shown inFIG. 3.

Blower Apertures in the Main Rooms:

Mixing of the air at 5 vol/h=>dimensions of the apertures suitable for2.5 ms.

Blower aperture Q blown (5 vol/h) Living room 500 × 100 220 Bedroom 1300 × 100 140 Bedroom 2 300 × 100 140

EXTRACTION Regular Kitchen 45 m³/h Bathroom 30 m³/h  90 m³/h WC 15 m³/hPeak Kitchen 105 m³/h Bathroom 30 m³/h 150 m³/h WC 15 m³/h

The central control unit 48 must assure minimum throughputs ofinsufflation of renewed air in the main rooms 5, 6, 7, which arecomparable to those of a conventional air intake (in a total period ofone hour).

INSUFFLATION OF RENEWED AIR Surface area Min Q renewed air Living room17 m² 35 m³/h Bedroom 1 11 m² 20 m³/h Bedroom 2 11 m² 20 m³/h

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS OF RENEWAL OF AIR

With a Regular Ventilation Throughput

90 m³/h is extracted. During take up by the internal unit 1, the maininsufflation aperture 21 is in the automatically regulated position 75m³/h (the missing 15 m³/h are introduced by the permeability of thedwelling).

If All the Blower Apertures 5, 6, 7 are in Demand (Heating/Cooling),They are Open

The internal unit mixes approximately 500 m³/h (5 vol/h of the mainrooms).

The renewed air is mixed with the recycled air (renewed air 75m³/h—recycled air 425 m³/h).

The renewed air is distributed prorata with the dimensions of the blowerapertures, i.e.:

Blower aperture Q blown Renewed air Living room 500 × 100 220 m³/h Ofwhich 33 m³/h Ren. air Bedroom 1 300 × 100 140 m³/h Of which 21 m³/hRen. air Bedroom 2 300 × 100 140 m³/h Of which 21 m³/h Ren. air

The dimensions of the blower apertures are suitable for 2-2.5 m/s. Theranges are then adapted to the room to be treated. Sweeping of the roomby the air (mixture of renewed air/recycled air) is then fully assured.

The central regulation unit 48 adapts the power of the unit (heating orcooling) according to the temperatures detected in the rooms, and thetemperatures set (P-PD or PID regulation).

If no Blower Apertures 5, 6, 7 are in Demand, They are Then Closed

Only the slot 19 then continues to be operational. The throughput of theinternal unit 1 is then reduced to approximately 200 m³/h, of which 75m³/h is renewed air. The dimensions of the slots 29 are such as toobtain at the output a speed of 3 to 3.5 m/s. Thus, the ranges aremaintained, and correct sweeping of the room by the renewed air issustained. The slot 29, which is equipped with an automaticallyadjustable unit 30, assures the supply of, and distributes the renewedair (plenum under a pressure of approximately 20 Pa).

Blower aperture Q blown Renewed air Living room 500 × 100 100 m³/h Ofwhich 37 m³/h is Ren. air Bedroom 1 300 × 100  50 m³/h Of which 19 m³/his Ren. air Bedroom 2 300 × 100  50 m³/h Of which 19 m³/h is Ren. air

The central control unit 48 adapts the variable power, in order to blowthe mixed air at a temperature close to the set temperature of the rooms(such as to avoid changing the set temperature and creating discomfort).

If One or More Blower Apertures 5, 6, 7 are Closed and the Others are inDemand, the Functioning is Sequential.

“Room in Demand” Sequence:

The central control unit 48 adapts the throughput mixed by the internalunit 1 according to the number of apertures (and their size) which arein demand (and therefore open). For these rooms, a mixing throughput of5 vol/h is maintained for air conditioning (4 vol/h for heating).

Example: Closed Aperture of a Bedroom

Throughput mixed by internal unit 1: 350 m³/h, of which 75 m³/h isrenewed air.

The central control unit 48 regulates the variable power according tothe temperatures measured in the rooms in demand and the required settemperatures (Proportional—Derivative regulation).

The blower apertures 5, 6, 7 have a low load loss (approximately 5-6Pa), when their dimensions are 2-2.5 m/s. The slot 29 of the closedaperture (high load loss) therefore “recuperates” a very low leakagethroughput (15 to 25 m³/h, of which 21% is renewed air), according toits dimensions.

“Recuperation of Renewed Air Deficit” Sequence:

If the aperture 5, 6, 7 of the room continues to be closed for a periodof X minutes (estimated as 30 minutes), after this period, in order torecuperate the delay (the deficit) of renewed air in this room, the unit48 then closes the apertures which were open, and opens the aperturewhich was closed. It calculates the deficit of renewed air, andoptimises the duration of the sequence. In order to shorten the durationof the sequence, the high speed of insufflation (central insufflationaperture 135 m³/h) is triggered. The deficit is 8 m³, since 21 m³/h ofrenewed air should normally be introduced. The sequence will last foronly 4 minutes. In order to avoid creating discomfort and modifying thetemperature in the rooms, the central unit 48 regulates a blowingtemperature which is close to the set temperature of the room(s) (oraverage set temperature), by regulation of the power of the unit. Theheating/air-conditioning cycle then resumes its progress for the roomsin demand, by means of the “Room in demand” sequence.

Regulation and Optimisation of the Throughputs of Renewed Air:

The central control unit 48 can be equipped with a sensor whichevaluates the level of pollution of the air of 20 the dwelling(according to the hygrometry, or level of CO₂ or the like), and adaptsthe renewal of renewed air necessary. Two types of control areenvisaged:

All or Nothing Regulation: below a pollution threshold, the extractionaperture 11 a of the kitchen 15 and the insufflation aperture 21 arecontrolled electrically, in order to decrease the throughputs (reductionfrom regular, example T3: normal regular kitchen extraction 45 m³/h,insufflation 75 m³/h).

In addition, when the regular level is reduced, the throughputs arereduced to a value which is close to: kitchen extraction 20m³/h—insufflation 40 m³/h).

In addition, when the level of pollution is above the threshold, theunit 48 then controls the apertures in order to obtain the normalregular throughput.

Modulating regulation: the extraction aperture 11 a of the kitchen 15and the insufflation aperture 21 can be modulated in this case:

Kitchen extraction: modulation between 15 and 45 m³/h

Insufflation: modulation between 45 and 75 m³/h

According to the level of pollution detected by the sensor, theelectronic module adapts the ventilation (level of renewed air) to thebest level, for example by varying according to this level of pollution:

the throughput of air introduced, between 45 m³/h and 75 m³/h;

the throughput of air extracted from the kitchen, between 15 m³/h and 45m³/h.

In addition, when the peak throughput is controlled by the switch 16placed in the kitchen 15, the central unit 48 positions the insufflationand extraction apertures such as to obtain throughputs of:

150 m³/h in extraction

135 m³/h in insufflation.

The functioning is then defined as in the previous case, and thefollowing throughputs are obtained:

1 All the apertures are open (in demand)

Throughput mixed U1 ≈500 m³/h of which 135 m³/h is renewed air Livingroom 220 m³/h of which 60 m³/h is renewed air Bedroom 1 140 m³/h ofwhich 38 m³/h is renewed air Bedroom 2 140 m³/h of which 38 m³/h isrenewed air

The central module adapts the variable power according to thetemperatures.

2 No aperture is in demand: shutter apertures closed

Throughput mixed U1 ≈200 m³/h of which 135 m³/h is renewed air Livingroom blowing 100 m³/h of which 71 m³/h is (slot) renewed air Bedroom 1blowing 50 m³/h of which 32 m³/h is (slot) renewed air Bedroom 2 blowing50 m³/h of which 32 m³/h is (slot) renewed air

The central control unit 48 also regulates the blowing temperature(close to the set temperature of the rooms), by regulation of the power.

3) One or a plurality of closed apertures, and at least one in demand:sequential functioning

Example: if an aperture 5, 6 of a bedroom 8, 9 is closed, the throughputmixed by the internal unit 1 is 350 m³/h, of which 135 m³/h is renewedair. The aperture which has remained closed for a period of X minutes(estimated as 30 minutes), and the central unit 48, then activate thesequence of “Renewed air deficit recuperation” (inverts the opening ofthe apertures), for a time calculated to introduce a sufficient quantityof renewed air (approximately 20 m³ in normal regular operation) intothe room which was closed. In addition, the central unit 48 regulatesthe blowing temperature to close to the set temperature for the rooms.

4) Optimisation of the throughputs of renewed air:

In this case, the pollution sensor carries no weight in terms of peakthroughput.

FUNCTIONING IN SMOKY/HEAVY OCCUPATION POSITION—LIVING ROOM

The system concerned is a centralised system. The recycled air isobtained from all of the main rooms 8, 9, 10 (collected unchannelledfrom the corridor). It is filtered, heated or conditioned. When theliving room 10 is highly occupied (family meal, etc.), the purpose ofthe following functioning is to minimise the pollution of the other mainrooms 8, 9, and to assure substantial ventilation of the living room 10,during these periods in which there is a high level of occupation orsmokiness.

For this purpose, when the central unit 48 is informed of the“Smoky-living room” position, it commands peak throughput ventilation(kitchen extraction 150 m³/h—insufflation 135 m³/h). The “Smoky” mode isalso triggered automatically for a maximum duration of 2 hours.

In order to avoid transporting the pollution from the living room to thebedrooms 8, 9, the principle (based on sequential functioning) consistsof not blowing into the living room 10 and the bedrooms 8, 9 at the sametime. Blowing therefore takes place as a matter of priority into theliving room 10, the apertures 5, 6 of the bedrooms 8, 9 being closed.

The “Smoky” sequential function is characterised by:

“Living room” sequence: aperture 7 of the living room 10 open andapertures 5, 6 of the bedrooms 8, 9 closed;

“Bedrooms” sequence: aperture 7 of the living room 10 closed andapertures 5, 6 of the bedrooms 8, 9 open.

In addition, when no aperture is in demand (mid-season: no airconditioning), the cycle begins with the “Living room” sequence: themotorised shutters 23 of the bedrooms 8, 9 close, and the aperture 7 ofthe living room 10 opens. The central unit 48 determines the speed ofrotation of the fan of the internal unit 1, such as to assure a mixedthroughput in the living room 10 (approximately 4 vol/h).

The following throughputs are thus obtained:

throughput mixed by the internal unit 48: approximately 220 m³/h, ofwhich 135 m³/h is renewed air;

living room: quantity blown approximately 180 m³/h, of which 110 m³/h isrenewed air;

bedroom 1 (shutter closed): quantity blown (slot) approximately 20 m³/h,of which 13 m³/h is renewed air;

bedroom 2 (shutter closed): quantity blown (slot) approximately 20 m³/h,of which 13 m³/h is renewed air.

Thus, in the living room 10, the throughput of renewed air issubstantial, which assures good quality of the air, even in the event ofhigh occupation. On the other hand, in the bedrooms 8, 9, the level ofair recycled is very low (13 m³/h of renewed air for 20 m³/h blown),which prevents the pollution from being transported.

After 30 minutes, the central unit 48 activates the “bedroom” sequence,i.e. it closes the living room 10, and opens the bedrooms 8, 9.

The calculation of the deficit of renewed air and the duration of thissequence is as follows: throughput of renewed air introduced into therooms of which the apertures are closed: 20 m³/h−13 m³/h=7 m³/h: i.e.after 30 minutes, a defict of 3.5 m³ of renewed air per bedroom×2bedrooms, i.e. 7 m³ of renewed air, and therefore with an insufflatedthroughput of renewed air of 135 m³/h, duration of the “bedroom”sequence of approximately 3 minutes.

By means of this sequential functioning, the central unit 48 makes upfor the deficit of renewed air in the bedrooms 8, 9, in order to obtainglobally in one hour 20 m³ of renewed air per bedroom (comparable withan air intake on a conventional facade).

When in the Heating/Cooling Position

When the “Smoky” cycle is triggered, the air conditioning in thebedrooms 8, 9 is no longer assured 100% (timed duration of 2 hours), andthe central unit 48 triggers the “living room” sequence (apertures 5, 6of the bedrooms 8, 9 closed (slot 29 leakage throughput) and aperture 7of the living room 10 open);

The following throughputs are obtained;

Living room 220 m³/h of which 110 m³/h is ren. air Bedroom 1 20 m³/h ofwhich 13 m³/h is ren. air Bedroom 2 20 m³/h of which 13 m³/h is ren. air

The central unit 48 regulates the power in order to maintain therequired set temperature in the living room 10.

After an hour of the “Smoky” cycle, the central unit 10 activates the“bedroom” sequence (inverts the opening of the apertures), in order tomake up for the deficit of renewed air in the said bedrooms.

The throughputs of renewed air introduced into the bedrooms 8, 9 withthe shutters closed are then 13 m³/h.

Thus in order to obtain a global throughput of renewed air of 20 m³/h,the apertures 5, 6 of the bedrooms 8, 9 must remain open for:((7×2)/135)×60≈6 minutes.

During this sequence, in accordance with the temperatures measured inthe bedrooms 8, 9, the central unit 48 regulates the temperature of theair blown to the lowest possible level, in order to freshen the saidbedrooms.

The “Smoky” cycle then resumes its operative sequence “living room 10open and bedrooms 8, 9, closed” for the remaining hour (total maximumduration 2 hours).

At the end of the “Smoky” cycle, the air-conditioning functioningresumes, and the temperatures of the bedrooms 8, 9 are once moreregulated in accordance with the set levels.

In addition, in winter, ventilation of the living room 10 is authorisedas a matter of priority (alternance of the sequences), and a maximumtemperature drop of 2° C. relative to the set levels is allowed in thebedrooms 8, 9. The “Smoky” cycle begins with the “living room” sequence(aperture 7 of the living room 10 open, apertures 5, 6 of the bedrooms8, 9 closed), with a peak ventilation throughput (extraction 150 m³/h,insufflation 135 m³/h).

In addition, if no bedroom 8, 9 needs to be heated (room temperature atthe most 2° C. lower than the set temperature), the “Smoky” living roomsequence continues for a maximum period Y (estimated as 30 minutes).

The “bedrooms” sequence is then triggered (aperture 7 of living room 10closed, apertures 5, 6 of bedrooms 8, 9 open), either for an excessivelylow temperature in a bedroom, or for the maximum duration of 30 minutes.The duration of this sequence is determined in order to recuperate thedeficit of renewed air in the bedrooms 8, 9, and to restore thetemperature of the said bedrooms to the set level.

In addition, the central unit 48 regulates the throughput blown (5 vol/hmaximum) and the power of the internal unit 1, such as to reach the settemperatures of the bedrooms 8, 9 as quickly as possible (maximumblowing temperature approximately 45° C.), in order for the duration ofthe “bedrooms” sequence to be as short as possible.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for heating and/or air conditioning ofpremises, comprising at least one service room (15), and at least twomain rooms (8,9,10), consisting of: using an external unit (50; 51) andat least one internal unit (1), the external unit (50; 51) comprisingmeans for regulation with variable power and an exchanger, and eachinternal unit (1) comprising an air take-up unit (2), means forventilation with a variable throughput and power and an exchanger, andbeing designed to assure the heating and/or air conditioning of at leasttwo main rooms (8,9,10); discharging a given volume of stagnant air;conveying a given volume of renewed air to the air take-up units (2) ofeach internal unit (1); mixing the renewed air and the air taken up ineach internal unit (1), upstream from the exchanger of the latter;blowing the mixture of renewed air/heated and/or cooled air taken up,into each main room (8,9,10), through at least one blower aperture(5,6,7) which is supplied by an internal unit (1), and each of which isassociated with means for motorisation, which can make it possible tomodify the position of opening of the said apertures; and regulating thetemperature in each main room (8,9,10), by means of temperaturemeasurement means (33; 38), with which the means for motorisation of theblower apertures (5,6,7) are associated, such as to obtain positioningof each of these apertures which can make it possible to maintain eachof the said main rooms at a pre-determined set temperature, the saidmethod being wherein a central control unit (48) is used, which isconnected to the external (50; 51) and internal unit(s) (1), the meansfor motorisation of each blower aperture (5,6,7), and the means formeasurement of the temperature (33; 38), and is programmed to beconfigured: either in a mode for control of the temperatures of therooms (8,9,10), during which: it controls the external (50; 51) andinternal unit(s) (1) and the means for motorisation of the blowerapertures (5,6,7), according to the information received from the meansfor measurement of the temperature (33; 38), such as to maintain the settemperature in each main room (8,9,10); it determines the position ofthe means for motorisation of each blower aperture (5,6,7), such as todetect any total closure of the (or all of the) aperture(s) whichsupply/supplies a main room (8,9,10); and, if all the apertures (5,and/or 6, and/or 7) which supply at least one main room (8, and/or 9,and/or 10) are closed, it is configured in a mode for control of renewedair, during which: it measures the time of closure of the saidaperture(s) (5,6,7) closed; after a time of closure of the saidaperture(s), which is greater than a pre-determined threshold, itcalculates the deficit in the supply of renewed air in each room(8,9,10) not supplied, and controls the means for motorisation of allthe blower apertures (5,6,7), such as to open each blower apertureinitially closed, and to close the blower apertures initially opened ofthe rooms, for a period of time which is designed to make up for thedeficit in the supply of renewed air in each room not initiallysupplied; and it is reconfigured in the temperature control mode in themain rooms, when the deficit in the supply of renewed air has been madeup.
 2. A method for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim1, wherein in its renewed air control configuration, the main controlunit (48) controls the external unit (50; 51) and/or the internalunit(s) (1) such that the temperature of the blown air mixed is close tothe set temperature of each main room (8,9,10) initially closed.
 3. Amethod for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 1,wherein: use is made of blower apertures (5,6,7) provided with a mainblower pipe (22), comprising a closing shutter (23) controlled by meansfor motorisation, and an additional pipe (29) with a reducedcross-section; and in the configuration for controlling the temperatureof the main rooms (8,9,10), of the main control unit (48), and on theassumption that all the blower apertures (8,9,10) are closed, air isdistributed equally in all the main rooms (5,6,7), by means of theadditional pipes (29) of the blower apertures (5,6,7).
 4. A method forheating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 3, wherein when allthe blower apertures (5,6,7) are closed, the main control unit (48)controls the means for ventilation of each internal unit (1), such thatthe latter provide a minimal throughput of mixture of renewed/air takenup, by means of the additional pipe (29) of the blower apertures(5,6,7).
 5. A method for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed inclaim 3, wherein when all the blower apertures (5,6,7) are closed, thecentral control unit (1) controls the external unit (50; 51) and/or theinternal unit(s) (1), such that the temperature of the mixed air blownis close to the set temperature of the main rooms (8,9,10).
 6. A methodfor heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 3, wherein eachadditional pipe (29) of each blower aperture (5,6,7) is equipped with anautomatically adjustable modulator (30), which can supply the samethroughput of mixed air for a given range of pressures.
 7. A method forheating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 3, wherein each slot(29) of the blower apertures (5,6,7) contains a shutter (52), which isarticulated around a transverse axis, and can oscillate freely from aposition of total or partial closure of the said slot (29), towards aposition of total opening of the said slot, according to the airpressure upstream from the latter.
 8. A method for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 3, wherein each blower aperture (5,6,7)is equipped with a temperature sensor (33; 38), which acts as a meansfor measuring the temperature, is pre-assembled to the said bloweraperture, and is disposed such as to be swept by the ambient air of theroom.
 9. A method for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed inclaim 1, wherein stagnant air is extracted from the service rooms (15)by means of extraction apertures (11 a, 11 b, 11 c) which are connectedto pipes (13,14) in which low pressure is created by a fan (12).
 10. Amethod for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 9,wherein at least one of the service rooms (15) is equipped with anextraction aperture (11 a) provided with a manually-controlledthroughput modulator (42).
 11. A method for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 10 taken together, wherein, in theair-conditioning mode, the central control unit (48) is programmed tocommand extraction and insufflation of the maximal throughput ofstagnant and renewed air, when the external temperature becomes lowerthan the set temperatures.
 12. A method for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the renewed air isintroduced into the premises by means of a pipe (19) which is providedwith a fan (17), and in that this renewed air is supplied to eachinternal unit (1) by means of pipes (20), each of which comprises aninsufflation aperture (21) with a throughput which can be modulated,thus making it possible to adapt the throughput of renewed air accordingto the throughput of air extracted.
 13. A method for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 12 taken together, wherein the centralcontrol unit (48) is connected to each extraction aperture (11 a) with athroughput which can be modulated and to each aperture (21) forinsufflation of renewed air, and is programmed to adjust the throughputof the said insufflation apertures such as to adapt the throughput ofrenewed air according to the throughput of air extracted.
 14. A methodfor heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 13, wherein theintake of the pipe for supplying renewed air is equipped with afiltering system, according to the ambient external pollution.
 15. Amethod for heating and/or air conditioning as exclaimed in claim 14,wherein the central control unit (48) is programmed to limit thethroughput of renewed air to a minimal value, if the external pollutionbecomes higher than the internal pollution.
 16. A method for heatingand/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: there isprovided in the premises at least one sensor to measure the quality ofthe air in the said premises, such as in particular a humidity sensor, acarbon dioxide sensor, etc.; the device is equipped with an externalsensor to measure values corresponding to those of an internal sensor,i.e. in particular a humidity sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, etc.; thegeneral control system is connected to each measuring sensor and to theexternal sensor, and the latter is programmed such as to optimise thethroughput of renewed air which is actually necessary for the premises.17. A method for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 16,wherein the premises are equipped with a single measuring sensor, thecentral control unit (48) being programmed, according to the informationsupplied by the said sensor, to regulate the throughput extracted andthe throughput of renewed air insufflated.
 18. A method for heatingand/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 16, wherein: each bloweraperture (5,6,7) is equipped with a measuring sensor; and the centralcontrol unit (48) is programmed such as to optimise the throughput ofair extracted and the throughput of air insufflated at each internalunit (1), according to: the position of the closing shutter (23) of theblower aperture(s) (5,6,7) of each room (8,9,10); and the informationsupplied by each sensor in the room concerned, which is representativeof its need for renewed air.
 19. A method for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Central control unit(48) is designed to be able to be positioned in a control mode which isknown as “smoky”, or “high level of occupation of one of the main rooms(10), known as the “living room””, during which: it is initiallyconfigured in a sequence known as “living room”; at the beginning ofwhich it commands opening of the blower aperture(s) (7) of the livingroom (10), and closure of the blower apertures (5,6) of all the othermain rooms (8,9); it calculates a given maximal mixing throughput in theliving room (10), and controls the unit (1) of the said living room suchas to obtain this level of mixing; it adapts the thermal power suppliedby the internal unit (1), such as to obtain the set temperature in theliving room (10); after a pre-determined period of time, it isconfigured in a sequence known as “bedrooms”, in which: it commandsclosure of the blower aperture(s) (7) of the living room (10), andopening of the blower apertures (5,6) of the other main rooms (8,9)known as bedrooms; it calculates the deficit of renewed air in thebedrooms (8,9) during the living room sequence, and commands maintenanceof this “bedroom” sequence for a period of time which is designed tomake up for the said deficit of renewed air: and it is repositioned inits “living room” configuration, after this period of time has elapsed.20. A method for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 19,taken together, wherein during the “smoky”, or “high level of occupationof the living room” (10) control mode, the main control system (48) isprogrammed to position each extraction aperture (11 a) and eachinsufflation aperture (21) in the maximal throughput mode.
 21. A methodfor heat ad/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 20, wherein duringthe “smoky”, or “high level of occupation of the living room” (10)control mode, the “bedrooms” sequence is triggered, either after thepre-determined period of time, or if the divergence between the actualtemperature in one of the bedrooms (8,9) and the set temperature of thesaid bedroom becomes greater than a given value.
 22. A method forheating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein thecentral control unit (48) is programmed to analyse the development ofthe temperatures in each main room (8,9,10), relative to the respectiveset temperatures, in order to command closure of the blower aperture(s)(5,6,7) of one of the main rooms (8,9,10), in the event of abnormalvariation of temperature in the said room, and in order to emit an alarmsignal which is representative of this closure.
 23. A method for heatingand/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein use is made of aheat exchanger (18) for renewed air/extracted air, which is designed toassure pre-heating or pre-cooling of the renewed air.
 24. A method forheating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 1, wherein thecentral control unit (48) comprises manual controls, which can allow theuser to pre-define a plurality of functioning characteristics such as:definition of at least two types of set temperatures for each main room(8,9,10), such as comfort temperature or reduced temperature; anddefinition daily or weekly, and in hourly steps, of the set temperaturefor each main room (8,9,10), such as anti-frost temperature, comforttemperature, reduced temperature etc.
 25. A method for heating and/orair conditioning as claimed in claim 1, intended for heating and/or airconditioning of several premises such as housing blocks, offices,lodging rooms, etc., wherein it comprises at least one internal unit(1), a central control unit (48) for each of the premises, and acentralised external unit (51) for the premises as a whole.
 26. A methodfor heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 1, intended forheating and/or air conditioning of several premises such as housingblocks, offices, lodging rooms, etc., wherein it comprises at least oneinternal unit (1), a central control unit (48), and an external unit(50) for each of the premises.
 27. A device for heating and/or airconditioning of premises containing at least one service room (15), andat least two main rooms (8,9,10), comprising: an external unit (50; 51)and at least one internal unit (1), the external unit (50; 51)comprising means for regulation with variable power and an exchanger,and each internal unit (1) comprising an air take-up unit (2), means forventilation with a variable throughput and power and an exchanger, andbeing designed to assure heating and/or air conditioning of at least twomain rooms (8,9,10); means (11 a, 11 b, 11 c, 12, 13, 14) for dischargeof stagnant air; means (17,21) for introduction of renewed air at thetake-up units (2) of each internal unit (1); means (2) for mixture ofrenewed air/air taken up in each internal unit (1), upstream from theexchanger of the latter; means (5,6,7) for blowing the mixture ofrenewed air/air taken up present in each main room (8,9,10), in one ormore blower apertures (5,6,7) which are supplied by at least oneinternal unit (1), and each of which is associated with means formotorisation which can modify the position of opening of the saidapertures; and means (33; 38) for measuring the temperature in each mainroom (8,9,10), with which there are associated the means formotorisation of the blower aperture(s) (5,6,7) of the said main room,and which are designed to make it possible to obtain a set temperaturein the said room, the said device for heating and/or air conditioningbeing wherein it comprises a central control unit (48) which isconnected to the external unit (50; 51), to each internal unit (1), andto the means for motorisation of the blower apertures (5,6,7), the saidcentral control unit being programmed to: either be configured in a modefor controlling the temperatures of the main rooms (8,9,10), duringwhich: it controls the external (50; 51) an internal unit(s) (1) and themeans for motorisation of the blower apertures (5,6,7), according to theinformation received from the means (33; 38) for measuring thetemperature, such as to maintain the set temperature in each main room(8,9,10); and it detects the position of the means for motorisation ofeach blower aperture (5,6,7), such as to detect any total closure of the(or all the) blower(s) which supply a main room (8,9,10); or, on theassumption that all the apertures (5, and/or 6, and/or 7) which supplyat least one main room (8, and/or 9, and/or 10) are closed, it isconfigured in a mode for control of renewed air, during which: itmeasures the time of closure of the said closed aperture(s) (5,6,7);beyond a time of closure of the said aperture(s) (5,6,7) which isgreater than a pre-determined threshold, it calculates the deficit inthe supply of renewed air in each room (8,9,10) which is not supplied,and controls the means for motorisation of all the blower apertures(5,6,7), such as to open each blower aperture (5,6,7) initially closed,and to close the blower apertures (5,6,7) initially opened of the otherrooms, for a period of time which is designed to make up the deficit inrenewed air supplied in each room not initially supplied; and it isreconfigured in a temperature control mode in the main rooms (8,9,10),when the deficit in the supply of renewed air has been made up.
 28. Adevice for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 27,wherein, in its renewed air control configuration, the central controlunit (48) is programmed to control the external unit (50; 51) and/or theinternal unit(s) (1), such that the temperature of the mixed air blownis close to the set temperature of each room (8,9,10) initially closed.29. A device for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 27,wherein: each blower aperture (5,6,7) comprises a main blower pipe (22),containing a closing shutter (23) which is controlled by means formotorisation, and an additional pipe (29) with a reduced cross-section;in its configuration for controlling the temperature, and on theassumption that all the blower apertures (5,6,7) are closed, the centralcontrol unit (48) is programmed to assure equal distribution of the airin all the rooms (8,9,10), by means of the additional pipes (29) of theblower apertures (5,6,7).
 30. A device for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 29, wherein the means for motorisationof the blower apertures (5,6,7) are designed to position the closingshutters (23) in two positions, corresponding either to total closure,or to total or partial opening of the main pipes (22) of the saidapertures.
 31. A device for heating and/or air conditioning as claimedin claim 29, wherein the additional pipe (29) of each blower aperture(5,6,7) is equipped with an automatically adjustable modulator (30),which can make it possible to supply the same throughput of air for agiven range of pressures.
 32. A device for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 29, wherein in each slot (29) of theblower apertures (5,6,7), there is integrated a flap (52) which isarticulated around a transverse axis, and can oscillate freely from aposition of total or partial closure of the said slot (29), towards aposition of total opening of the said slot, according to the airpressure upstream from the latter.
 33. A device for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 27, wherein each blower aperture(5,6,7) is equipped with a temperature sensor (33; 38), pre-assembled tothe said aperture, which acts as a means for measuring the temperature,and is disposed such as to be swept by the ambient air of the room, whenthe said blower aperture has been installed.
 34. A device for heatingand/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 27, wherein, for eachservice room (15), the air extraction means comprise an extractionaperture (11 a,11 b,11 c) which is connected to a main pipe (13,14), inwhich low pressure is created by means of a fan (12).
 35. A device forheating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 34, wherein at leastone extraction, aperture (11 a) is equipped with a manually-controlledthroughput modulator (41).
 36. A device for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 27, wherein the means for introductionof renewed air comprise a pipe (19) which is provided with a fan (17),which is designed to supply this renewed air to each internal unit (1),at the level of an insufflation aperture (21) with a throughput whichcan be modulated, thus making it possible to adapt the throughput ofrenewed air to the throughput of air extracted.
 37. A device for heatingand/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 36 taken together, whereinthe central control unit (48) is connected to each extraction aperturewith a throughput which can be modulated (11 a), and to each aperture(21) for insufflation of renewed air, and is programmed to adjust thethroughput of the said insufflation apertures, such as to adapt thethroughput of renewed air according to the throughput of air extracted.38. A device for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 37,wherein it comprises a filtering system which is integrated in the pipe(19) for supply of renewed air, according to the ambient externalpollution.
 39. A device for heating and/or air conditioning as claimedin claim 27, wherein it comprises: at least one sensor to measure thequality of the air in the premises, such as in particular a humiditysensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, etc.; an external pollution sensor tomeasure values corresponding to those of an internal sensor, i.e. ahumidity sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, etc.; the general centralcontrol unit being connected to the various internal and externalsensors, and being programmed to optimise the throughput of renewed airwhich is actually necessary.
 40. A device for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 39, wherein it comprises a singleinternal measuring sensor, the central control unit (48) beingprogrammed to regulate the throughput of air extracted and thethroughput of renewed air, according to the information supplied by thesaid sensor.
 41. A device for heating and/or air conditioning as claimedin claim 39, wherein: each blower aperture (5,6,7) is equipped with ameasuring sensor; the central control unit (48) is programmed such as tooptimise the throughput of air extracted and the throughput of renewedair at each internal unit (1), according to: the position of the closingshutter (23) of the blower aperture(s) (5,6,7) of each room (8,9,10);and the information supplied by each sensor, which is representative ofthe level of pollution or occupation of the room concerned, andtherefore its need for renewed air.
 42. A device for heating and/or airconditioning as claimed in claim 27, wherein the central control unit(48) is designed to be able to be positioned in a control mode which isknown as “smoky”, or “high level of occupation of one of the main rooms(10)”, known as the “living room”, during which: it is initiallyconfigured in a sequence known as “living room”, at the beginning ofwhich it commands opening of the blower aperture(s) (7) of the livingroom (10), and closure of the blower apertures (5,6) of all the othermain rooms; it calculates a given maximal mixing throughput in theliving room (10), and controls the unit (1) of the said living room suchas to obtain this level of mixing; it adapts the thermal power suppliedby the internal unit (1), such as to obtain the set temperature in theliving room (10); after a pre-determined period of time, it isconfigured in a sequence known as “bedrooms”, in which: it commandsclosure of the blower aperture(s) (7) of the living room (10), andopening of the blower apertures of the other main rooms (8,9) known asbedrooms; it calculates the deficit of renewed air in the bedrooms (8,9)during the living room sequence, and commands maintenance of this“bedroom” sequence for a period of time which is designed to make up forthe said deficit of renewed air; and it is repositioned in its “livingroom” configuration, after this period of time has elapsed.
 43. A devicefor heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 27, wherein thecentral control unit is programmed to analyse the development of thetemperatures in each main room (8,9,10), relative to the respective settemperatures, in order to command closure of the blower aperture(s)(5,6,7) of one of the main rooms (8,9,10), in the event of abnormalvariation of temperature in the said room, and in order to emit an alarmsignal which is representative of this closure.
 44. A device for heatingand/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 27, comprising a heatexchanger for renewed air/extracted air (18), which is designed toassure pre-heating and/or pre-cooling of the said renewed air.
 45. Adevice for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 27,wherein the central control unit (48) comprises manual controls, whichcan allow the user to pre-define a plurality of functioningcharacteristics such as: definition of at least two types of settemperatures for each main room (8,9,10), such as comfort temperature orreduced temperature; and definition daily or weekly, and in hourlysteps, of the set temperature for each main room (8,9,10), such asanti-frost temperature, comfort temperature, reduced temperature etc.46. A device for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed in claim 27,intended for heating and/or air conditioning of several premises such ashousing blocks, offices, lodging rooms, etc., wherein it comprises atleast one internal unit (1), a central control unit (48) for each of thepremises, and a centralised external unit (51) for the premises as awhole.
 47. A device for heating and/or air conditioning as claimed inclaim 27, intended for heating and/or air conditioning of severalpremises such as housing blocks, offices, lodging rooms, etc., whereinit comprises at least one internal unit (1), a central control unit(48), and an external unit (50) for each of the premises.